https://www.knightli.com/es/tags/build-system/ Recent content in Build-System on KnightLi Blog Hugo -- gohugo.io es Fri, 28 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.knightli.com/es/2025/03/28/cmake-basics-and-templates/ Fri, 28 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.knightli.com/es/2025/03/28/cmake-basics-and-templates/ <h2 id="qué-es-cmake">¿Qué es CMake? </h2><p>CMake es un generador de sistemas de compilación multiplataforma. Escribe <code>CMakeLists.txt</code> una vez y luego genera archivos de compilación específicos de la plataforma (Makefile, archivos Ninja, proyectos de Visual Studio y más).</p> <p>En Linux, un flujo de trabajo típico es:</p> <ol> <li>Escriba <code>CMakeLists.txt</code></li> <li>Generar sistema de construcción</li> <li>Construir</li> </ol> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span><span class="lnt">3 </span><span class="lnt">4 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">mkdir build </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nb">cd</span> build </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">cmake .. </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">make </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="plantilla-1-archivo-de-origen-único">Plantilla 1: archivo de origen único </h2><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span><span class="lnt">3 </span><span class="lnt">4 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-cmake" data-lang="cmake"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nb">cmake_minimum_required</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">VERSION</span> <span class="s">3.5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err"> </span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nb">project</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">Demo1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err"> </span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="err"> </span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nb">add_executable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">demo1</span> <span class="s">test01.cpp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err"> </span></span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="plantilla-2-múltiples-archivos-fuente">Plantilla 2: múltiples archivos fuente </h2><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span><span class="lnt">3 </span><span class="lnt">4 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-cmake" data-lang="cmake"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nb">cmake_minimum_required</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">VERSION</span> <span class="s">3.5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err"> </span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nb">project</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">Demo2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err"> </span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="err"> </span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nb">add_executable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">demo2</span> <span class="s">main.cpp</span> <span class="s">utils.cpp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err"> </span></span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="plantilla-3-incluir-directorios--bibliotecas">Plantilla 3: Incluir directorios + bibliotecas </h2><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span><span class="lnt">3 </span><span class="lnt">4 </span><span class="lnt">5 </span><span class="lnt">6 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-cmake" data-lang="cmake"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nb">cmake_minimum_required</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">VERSION</span> <span class="s">3.5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err"> </span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nb">project</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">Demo3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err"> </span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="err"> </span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nb">include_directories</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">include</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err"> </span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nb">add_executable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">demo3</span> <span class="s">src/main.cpp</span> <span class="s">src/foo.cpp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err"> </span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nb">target_link_libraries</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">demo3</span> <span class="s">pthread</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err"> </span></span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="estructura-de-proyecto-recomendada">Estructura de proyecto recomendada </h2><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span><span class="lnt">3 </span><span class="lnt">4 </span><span class="lnt">5 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-text" data-lang="text"><span class="line"><span class="cl">project/ </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> CMakeLists.txt </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> src/ </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> include/ </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> build/ </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="consejos">Consejos </h2><ul> <li>Mantenga compilaciones fuera de la fuente (<code>build/</code>) para evitar contaminar el árbol fuente.</li> <li>Utilice los comandos <code>target_*</code> (<code>target_include_directories</code>, <code>target_link_libraries</code>) para un estilo CMake moderno.</li> <li>Fije una versión mínima de CMake para evitar sorpresas de compatibilidad.</li> </ul>